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Current situation and future perspectives of European natural gas sector

Vincenzo BIANCO,Federico SCARPA,Luca A. TAGLIAFICO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 1-6 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0340-8

摘要： Gas market in Europe is experiencing a radical change for different reasons, partially determined and accelerated by economic downturn of the last period. In the past few years, many European countries adopted energy policies largely based on the utilization of natural gas. In fact, a sharp increase of the demand was observed and, at the same time, a lot of infrastructures were developed to assure the necessary supply. In the last few years, due to the economic downturn, natural gas demand decreased, causing a consistent oversupply on the market, which altered the consolidated dynamics of the sector. Understanding the changes currently under development in the European gas market is of paramount importance in order to design future strategies for the sector; in particular, it is necessary to understand if the present situation will cause a reshaping of the sector.

关键词： natural gas natural gas market oil-linked contracts supply infrastructures gas hubs

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Demands and challenges for construction of marine infrastructures in China

Huajun LI; Yong LIU; Bingchen LIANG; Fushun LIU; Guoxiang WU; Junfeng DU; Huimin HOU; Aijun LI; Luming SHI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第5期页码 551-563 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0839-8

摘要： The oceans are crucial to human civilization. They provide core support for exploitation and utilization of marine space, resources, and energy. Thus, marine infrastructures are vital to a nation’s economic sustainable development. To this end, this article first describes the main challenges in current ocean utilization, and then reviews the China’s ocean engineering progress. As such, six major sectors are evaluated: 1) global climate change and marine environment, 2) comprehensive utilization of marine space, 3) marine transportation infrastructure interconnection, 4) ocean clean energy development and maricultural facilities, 5) ecological crisis and marine engineering countermeasures, and 6) marine infrastructure operation safety and maintenance. Finally, perspectives on future directions of ocean utilization and marine infrastructure construction in China are provided.

关键词： marine infrastructures ocean engineering exploitation of marine resource coastal development emerging marine industries technological challenges

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Pavement sustainability index for highway infrastructures: A case study of Maryland

Stella O. OBAZEE-IGBINEDION, Oludare OWOLABI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 192-200 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0413-y

摘要： Pavement deterioration creates conditions that undermine their performances, which gives rise to the need for maintenance and rehabilitation. This paper develops a mathematical multi-linear regression analysis (MLRA) model to determine a pavement sustainability index ( ) as dependent variable for flexible pavements in Maryland. Four categories of pavement performance evaluation indicators are subdivided into seven pavement condition indices and analyzed as independent variables for each section of pavement. Data are collected from five different roadways using field evaluations and existing database. Results indicate that coefficient of determination ( ) is correlated and significant, = 0.959. Of the seven independent variables, present serviceability index ( ) is the most significant with a coefficient value of 0.032, present serviceability rating ( ) coefficient value= 0.028, and international roughness index ( ) coefficient value= ?0.001. Increasing each unit value of coefficients for and would increase the value of ; thereby providing a more sustainable pavement infrastructure; which explains the significance of the model and why will most likely impact environmental, economic and social values.

关键词： pavement indices sustainability pavement performance flexible pavements

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Analysis of inventory level under procurement constraints in supply chain

CHANG Guangshu

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第3期页码 361-363 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0063-1

摘要： Because the inventory is one of the major factors that affect the performance of the supply chain system, efficient reduction of an inventory can effectively reduce the cost level of the total supply chain. Therefore, inventory management is an important means to optimize the operation of a supply chain and enhance the competitive advantage. Considering the (, ) policy in an inventory management, this paper establishes a model of the inventory level. Then, the change of the inventory level with and without the procurement constraints is analyzed, and their expectation and variance calculated. Consequently, the order point can be determined accurately to reduce the inventory level and the operation risk.

关键词： supply efficient reduction system expectation procurement

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Digital twin-driven smart supply chain

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 56-70 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0186-9

摘要： Today’s supply chain is becoming complex and fragile. Hence, supply chain managers need to create and unlock the value of the smart supply chain. A smart supply chain requires connectivity, visibility, and agility, and it needs be integrated and intelligent. The digital twin (DT) concept satisfies these requirements. Therefore, we propose creating a DT-driven supply chain (DTSC) as an innovative and integrated solution for the smart supply chain. We provide background information to explain the DT concept and to demonstrate the method for building a DTSC by using the DT concept. We discuss three research opportunities in building a DTSC, including supply chain modeling, real-time supply chain optimization, and data usage in supply chain collaboration. Finally, we highlight a motivating case from JD.COM, China’s largest retailer by revenue, in applying the DTSC platform to address supply chain network reconfiguration challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： digital twin supply chain management

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Pricing and production strategies in remanufacturing from the perspectives of supply chain: Review and

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0251-7

摘要： Remanufacturing is widely recognized as beneficial to the environment and a circular economy. However, remanufacturing is more complex than traditional manufacturing due to the effects of government policy, uncertainty of consumer preferences, competition and cooperation among firms, and so on. These factors motivate academics to optimize remanufacturing outcomes, especially for product pricing and production. This study reviews the published literature on pricing and production strategies in remanufacturing from four perspectives of supply chain, namely, government policy, consumer characteristics, relationships among firms, and supply chain structures. Review results can benefit scholars/practitioners in the future by highlighting the challenges and opportunities in remanufacturing strategies.

关键词： remanufacturing reverse and closed-loop supply chain circular economy

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Digitalization for supply chain resilience and robustness: The roles of collaboration and formal contracts

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 5-19 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0229-x

摘要： Black swan events such as the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak cause substantial supply chain disruption risks to modern companies. In today’s turbulent and complex business environment, supply chain resilience and robustness as two critical capabilities for firms to cope with disruptions have won substantial attention from both the academia and industry. Accordingly, this study intends to explore how digitalization helps build supply chain resilience and robustness. Adopting organizational information processing theory, it proposes the mediating effect of supply chain collaboration and the moderating effect of formal contracts. Using survey data of Chinese manufacturing firms, the study applied structural equation modelling to test the research model. Results show that digitalization has a direct effect on supply chain resilience, and supply chain collaboration can directly facilitate both resilience and robustness. Our study also indicates a complementary mediating effect of supply chain collaboration on the relationship between digitalization and supply chain resilience and an indirect-only mediation effect on the relationship between digitalization and supply chain robustness. Findings reveal the differential roles of digitalization as a technical factor and supply chain collaboration as an organizational factor in managing supply chain disruptions. Paradoxically, formal contracts enhance the relationship between digitalization and supply chain resilience but weaken the relationship between supply chain collaboration and supply chain resilience. The validation of moderating effects determines the boundary conditions of digitalization and supply chain collaboration and provides insights into governing supply chain partners’ behavior. Overall, this study enhances the understanding on how to build a resilient and robust supply chain.

关键词： digitalization supply chain resilience robustness collaboration formal contract

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Internet of Things (IoT)–blockchain-enabled pharmaceutical supply chain resilience in the post-pandemic

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 82-95 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0233-1

摘要： During the COVID-19 pandemic, the current operating environment of pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) has rapidly changed and faced increasing risks of disruption. The Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain not only help enhance the efficiency of PSC operations in the information technology domain but also address complex related issues and improve the visibility, flexibility, and transparency of these operations. Although IoT and blockchain have been widely examined in the areas of supply chain and logistics management, further work on PSC is expected by the public to enhance its resilience. To respond to this call, this paper combines a literature review with semi-structured interviews to investigate the characteristics of PSC, the key aspects affecting PSC, and the challenges faced by PSC in the post-pandemic era. An IoT–blockchain-integrated hospital-side oriented PSC management model is also developed. This paper highlights how IoT and blockchain technology can enhance supply chain resilience and provides a reference on how PSC members can cope with the associated risks.

关键词： pharmaceutical supply chain Internet of Things blockchain resilience post-pandemic era

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Disruptive technologies for advancing supply chain resilience

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 360-366 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0257-1

摘要： Disruptive technologies provide a new paradigm for supply chain risk management and bring opportunities and challenges for the improvement of supply chain resilience (SCRes). This study summarizes the application cases of some disruptive technologies in the SCRes and analyzes the benefits and damages brought by disruptive technologies to the SCRes. The results show that disruptive technologies can provide the supply chain with flexibility, visibility, agility, and other capabilities at various stages of risk management. Hence, technology advancements greatly increase the level of the SCRes. Although disruptive technologies undermine the construction of SCRes, these damages can be eliminated through technology iteration or other disruptive technologies. Furthermore, disruptive technologies will provide better stability for the SCRes. The study also makes several suggestions for the use of disruptive technologies in the construction of the SCRes.

关键词： supply chain resilience disruptive technology supply chain risk

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Balancing resilience and efficiency in supply chains: Roles of disruptive technologies under Industry

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 171-176 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0247-8

摘要： In the Industry 4.0 era, disruptive technologies such as big data analytics, blockchain, Internet-of-Things, and additive manufacturing have become major forces driving supply chain transformation. Under such circumstances, particular attention should be attached to balancing resilience and efficiency of the supply chain, especially in the presence of more turbulence. In this study, we first summarize the conflicts between supply chain efficiency and supply chain resilience regarding practices and objectives. Then, we discuss the positive effects of disruptive technologies in improving resilience and efficiency. Afterwards, we propose a research agenda that covers both the influence mechanism and trade-off mechanism of these technologies in terms of resilience and efficiency.

关键词： disruptive technologies supply chain resilience efficiency paradox balance

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Quantitative analysis of impact of green stormwater infrastructures on combined sewer overflow control

Jinsong Tao, Zijian Li, Xinlai Peng, Gaoxiang Ying

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0952-4

摘要： Stimulated by the recent USEPA’s green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) guidance and policies, GSI systems have been widely implemented in the municipal area to control the combined sewer overflows (CSOs), also known as low impact development (LID) approaches. To quantitatively evaluate the performance of GSI systems on CSO and urban flooding control, USEPA-Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) model was adopted in this study to simulate the behaviors of GSI systems in a well-developed urban drainage area, PSW45, under different circumstances. The impact of different percentages of stormwater runoff transported from impervious surfaces to the GSI systems on CSO and urban flooding control has also been investigated. Results show that with current buildup, GSI systems in PSW45 have the best performance for low intensity and short duration events on both volume and peak flow reductions, and have the worst performance for high intensity and long duration events. Since the low intensity and short duration events are dominant from a long-term perspective, utilizing GSI systems is considered as an effective measure of CSO control to meet the long-term control strategy for PSW45 watershed. However, GSI systems are not suitable for the flooding control purpose in PSW45 due to the high occurrence possibility of urban flooding during or after high intensity events where GSI systems have relatively poor performance no matter for a short or long duration event.

关键词： Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) Urban flooding Low impact development (LID) Stormwater Management Model (SWMM)

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Managing supply chain resilience in the era of VUCA

Ying GAO , Zhuo FENG , Shuibo ZHANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第3期页码 465-470 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0164-2

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国外ICT供应链安全管理研究及建议

倪光南,陈晓桦,尚燕敏、徐克付

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第6期页码 104-109 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.06.021

摘要：

鉴于国家关键基础设施和关键资源（CIKR）对信息通信技术（ICT）的依赖，识别和控制ICT供应链风险已成为保障国家安全的重要手段。美国作为ICT供应链管理的先行者，在提升战略地位、开展风险管理、确保软硬件安全、监管政府采购等方面为各国提供了丰富经验；欧盟、俄罗斯也加强了ICT供应链的安全管理。在分析上述国外情况的基础上，给出了完善我国ICT供应链安全管理的相关建议。

关键词：供应链风险管理硬件供应链软件供应链采购安全

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Modeling of the resilient supply chain system from a perspective of production design changes

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 96-106 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0235-z

摘要： Building an effective resilient supply chain system (RSCS) is critical and necessary to reduce the risk of supply chain disruptions in unexpected scenarios such as COVID-19 pandemic and trade wars. To overcome the impact of insufficient raw material supply on the supply chain in mass disruption scenarios, this study proposes a novel RSCS considering product design changes (PDC). An RSCS domain model is first developed from the perspective of PDC based on a general conceptual framework, i.e., function-context-behavior-principle-state-structure (FCBPSS), which can portray complex systems under unpredictable situations. Specifically, the interaction among the structure, state and behavior of the infrastructure system and substance system is captured, and then a quantitative analysis of the change impact process is presented to evaluate the resilience of both the product and supply chain. Next, a case study is conducted to demonstrate the PDC strategy and to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the RSCS domain model. The results show that the restructured RSCS based on the proposed strategy and model can remedy the huge losses caused by the unavailability of raw materials.

关键词： resilient supply chain supply chain disruption domain modeling product design changes

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Advancing food supply chain resilience in the post-pandemic era

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 107-120 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0232-2

摘要： In the post-pandemic era, food supply chains and firms therein are facing unprecedented severe challenges, because once infection is detected, numerous products must be recalled or abandoned, and both suppliers and retailers in the supply chain suffer enormous loss. To survive under the pandemic, retailers have adopted different sourcing strategies, such as contingent sourcing, which, in turn, affect the upstream suppliers and hence the resilience of the whole supply chain. With the rapid development of digital technologies, retailers nowadays can utilize blockchain as a reliable and efficient way to reduce product risk and hence advance the resilience of food supply chains by improving product traceability and inspection accuracy, and making sourcing transparent. In this paper, we develop a game-theoretic model to investigate the interrelation between the retailer’s decisions on blockchain adoption and sourcing strategies. We consider that a retailer originally orders from a risky supplier while conducting an imperfect inspection to detect infected products before selling. The retailer may speculatively keep on ordering from the risky supplier or adopt contingent sourcing by ordering from an alternative safe supplier. The retailer also has an option to implement blockchain to improve the inspection accuracy and product traceability. We derive the optimal retail prices under different sourcing strategies with and without blockchain adoption and then analyze the incentives for sourcing strategy and blockchain adoption. Then, we identify the conditions of an all-win situation for food retailer, supplier, supply chain resilience, and consumers with/without government subsidy. Finally, we extend to consider the situation that some consumers have health-safety concerns and preferences for blockchain adoption.

关键词： food supply chain blockchain contingent sourcing supply chain resilience